[8] Attempts were made to move 93 sea otters to the Oregon coast in the 1970s, however none have been seen since the early 1980s. [9][10] The sea otter population within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary is estimated to be more than 1,200. The people of SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment are truly and deeply driven to inspire on behalf of, to celebrate and connect with, and to care for the natural world we all share. According to one theory known as "sequential megafauna collapse", orcas may have started eating otters due to shortages of their usual, much larger, prey. Figure 5. [14] By the mid-1960s, Amchitka Island was being used a site for nuclear testing, which eventually killed many sea otters in the area. [27] The sea otter is considered a threatened species in Canada and is protected under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). Of these, 195 were successfully rehabilitated and released. The region's population of large whales was decimated by commercial whaling in the 1960s. Beginning in the 1980s, the U.S. [19], The March 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill devastated the sea otter population in Prince William Sound. Taken with tigers? Fish and Wildlife Service received a tip that a man docking his boat in Moss Landing, California, shot at a mother sea otter with a pellet gun. Scientists from the Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute (HSWRI), in cooperation with other facilities and volunteers, coordinated efforts to rescue and treat sea otters affected by the 1989 oil spill. Sea Otter Conservation brings together the vast knowledge of well-respected leaders in the field, offering insight into the more than 100 years of conservation and … [5] The liver, kidneys, and lungs of sea otters also become damaged after they inhale oil or ingest it when grooming.[5]. Of these, about 19,000 are in the Kurils, 2000 to 3500 on Kamchatka and another 5000 to 5500 on the Commander Islands. The sea otter was once abundant in a wide arc across the North Pacific ocean, from northern Japan to Alaska to Mexico. The fact that sea otters uphold the health and balance in kelp forests has generated support for conservation efforts, but the reintroduction of the invertebrate predators has also caused some friction with fishermen and coastal communities dependent on the species sea otters eat. Learn more about the Seasonal Camp Counselor program at SeaWorld. In 1938, a couple testing a telescope discovered a group of about 50 of these animals in a remote part of the coast near Big Sur, California. Sea Otters are also known as “indicators,” this title means that the species' health and condition can help to show how healthy the ecosystems are doing (Shimek, Cauldwell 1998). [23] Although few sea otters were saved in the rescue effort, much knowledge was gained about how to successfully rehabilitate oiled sea otters. A high prevalence of infectious disease in juveniles and adults has been found to cause many sea otter deaths, however it is not known why California sea otters would be more vulnerable to disease than populations elsewhere. [13] As of 2004, sea otters have repopulated all of their former habitat in these areas, with an estimated total population of about 27,000. Commentary: Cute otters and pangolins get saved but are ugly animals a lost conservation cause? Three species of otters - North American river otters, Eurasian otters, and sea otters - have been reintroduced into historical habitats, in an attempt to repopulate them. [17], In recent decades, the sea otter population the Aleutian Islands of western Alaska has plummeted. Modern efforts in sea otter conservation began in the early 20th century, when the sea otter was nearly extinct due to large-scale commercial hunting. [29] In April 2007, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada changed its assessment of the sea otter from "threatened" to "special concern". This Action Plan gives an overview of otter biology and the conservation issues that affect all 13 species, and also practical guidelines and cautions to those intending to pursue conservation projects on otters. [30], 59 sea otters were translocated from Amchitka Island to Washington in 1969 and 1970, with annual surveys between 2000 and 2004 recording between 504 and 743 individuals. Come face-to-face with the wonders of wildlife through species-focused episodes and related classroom activities. The orcas that prefer marine mammal prey usually attack seals, sea lions, and small cetaceans, and have occasionally been seen preying on gray whale calves. From fun and affordable field trips for students to amazing summer adventures, our camps combine education and entertainment in a way that connects people to the sea and sea life like nowhere else. Sea otters were hunted nearly to extinction in the late 1700s and 1800s through commercial harvest for … [38] The parasite, which is often fatal to sea otters, is carried by wild and domestic cats. Current IUCN Conservation Status of Sea Otters|Conservation Evidence|NOAA UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre: Sea Otters|Check the Seafood Watch List for this species Two hundred years ago, a million sea otters may have ranged along the 9,650km of Pacific coastline from northern Japan, through the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, down the coast of California to Baja Mexico. Using existing studies and modeling of sea otter growth, the researchers concluded that the San Francisco Bay could support about 6,600 sea otters, more than twice the current estimated population of 3,000. This species of sea otter is actually native to the Eurasia. [3] The southern sea otter which range historically spanned from Baja, California all the way up to the shorelines of Oregon and In August 2005, the "southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment" of the sea otter was listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. 2. [32] Unusually high mortality rates amongst adult and young adult otters, particularly females, have been reported. After the years of the Great Hunt, the population in these areas, currently part of Russia, was only 750. This organization links together government agencies, non-government agencies, and independent states to encourage a worldwide approach to conservation. Current First Nations perspectives on sea otter conservation and management vary among people and through time as sea otter population status changes, as communities adapt to this perturbation, and as new legal frameworks supporting First Nations rights to co-management emerge. Scientists removed the oil from the otters' fur with dishwashing detergent. [33] The southern sea otter was listed under the Endangered Species Act as a threatened subspecies in 1977. 41 years later and counting, their conservation status remains unchanged and their future uncertain. “It would change the game in terms of how we look at sea otter conservation… [32] T. gondii encephalitis was also strongly associated with shark bites, perhaps because the disease causes abnormal behavior that increases the likelihood of shark attack. Conservation programmes are far more effective when organised by local people but in Asia there are very few scientists working on otters and their habitats. The assigned prioritization of each measure may change with time as new information emerges. The sea otter preys mostly upon invertebrates such as sea urchins, diverse mollusks and crustaceans, and some species of fish. The otter was nursing twin pups at the time of the incident. Come with us on an unforgettable journey behind the scenes during a SeaWorld or Busch Gardens Camp. The cause of the decline is not known, although the observed pattern of disappearances is consistent with a rise in orca predation. In particular, sea otters are highly vulnerable to oil spills, and a major spill can rapidly kill thousands of the animals. Today, the return of this keystone species is a living reminder of what restoration, conservation and compassion for non-human species can achieve. Populations in some areas are now thriving, and the recovery of the sea otter is considered one of the greatest successes in marine conservation.[1]. It is not known if this colony, which had a size of about 300 animals in 2004, was founded by translocated otters or by survivors of the fur trade. Are you wild about whales? and are the smallest marine mammal in North America. This species of sea otter can grow and reach the number of 95 cm in length for its body and 35 cm in length for its tail. This has been made possible by legal protection — in 1977 sea otters became protected under the Endangered Species Act — and by the work of nongovernmental organizations to support … Otters are well suited to a life on the water as they have webbed feet, dense fur to keep them warm, and can close their ears and nose when underwater. The otters then required a long rehabilitation period to regain the natural oils that protect their fur and to build up an insulating layer of air. By 1911, hunting for the animal's luxurious fur had reduced the sea otter population to fewer than 2000 individuals in the most remote and inaccessible parts of its range. Another endangered sea otter species is known as the european otter, also known as eurasian river otter, common otter, and old world otter. CITES is an international treaty, developed in 1973, to regulate trade in certain wildlife species. Although it is clear that disease has contributed to the deaths of many of California's sea otters, it is not known why the California population would be more vulnerable to disease than populations in other areas. The unique opportunity to observe and learn directly from live animals increases public awareness and appreciation of wildlife. [35], In December 2014, the U.S. [15] Seven hundred sea otters were transplanted in the 1960s and 1970s, with survival rates improving as scientists became more knowledgeable about how to safely transport the animals. The population decreased from between 150,000 and 300,000 individuals in the early 1700s to only 2,000 individuals in 1911. Those which had swallowed a lot of oil were treated with activated charcoal. Another endangered sea otter species is known as the european otter, also known as eurasian river otter, common otter, and old world otter. After about eight months staying alongside their mothers, pups are weaned and on their own. We should care about the sea otter because it has intrinsic … Changes in water temperatures due to climate change is a predominate theory. Written by the pre-eminent authority in the field, Otters: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation builds on the reputation of the author's landmark monograph of the European otter, Wild Otters. A study of 105 sea otters that had washed ashore between 1998 and 2001 determined the major causes of death to be protozoal encephalitis, acanthocephalan parasite infection, shark attack, and cardiac disease. The sea otter matters, partly because it is unique, like any organism. Animal experts bottlefeed the pups, then wean them on a diet of fish before they are released. Friends of the Sea Otter is committed to and advocates for the conservation of sea otters and the preservation of their habitat through education, research, and policy decisions that will ensure the long-term survival of this species. A sanctuary was created in Amchitka Island, whose sea otter population grew to outstrip its supply of prey. [39] As the parasite can be carried into the ocean via the sewage system, cat owners are encouraged to dispose of droppings in the trash rather than flushing them.[40]. Natural oils in a sea otter's fur repel water and trap tiny air bubbles, providing a layer of warm air between the otter's skin and the harsh elements of its environment. The International Otter Survival Fund (IOSF) is one of the world's leading otter charities. Sea otters can do well in captivity, and are featured in over 40 public aquaria and zoos. Departments of Interior and Commerce. Excellent and lithe swimmers, the young are in the water by 10 weeks of age. More and more, however, the issues associated with sea otter conservation have merged into broader environmental concerns, such as ecosystem-wide changes in food sources and issues including climate change, ocean noise and coastal pollution. The IUCN describes the significant threats to sea otters as oil pollution, predation by orcas, poaching, and conflicts with fisheries. Now a protected species, California’s sea otters have grown from a group of 50 in 1938 to about 2,800 today. IUCN/The World Conservation Union is a worldwide conservation organization. A survey taken in the spring of 2007 counted a little over 3,000 sea otters in California, up slightly from previous years but down from an estimated pre-fur trade population of 16,000. Sea Otter Conservation. Sea otters first became protected from the fur trade by the International Fur Seal Treaty in 1911, after the population had decreased to about 2,000 as a result of unrestrained hunting for furs. Sea Otter Conservation brings together the vast knowledge of well-respected leaders in the field, offering insight into the more than 100 years of conservation and research that have resulted in recovery from near extinction. The most significant threat to sea otters is oil spills. The otter Lutra lutra is a semi-aquatic mammal, which occurs in a wide range of ecological conditions, including inland freshwater and coastal areas (particularly in Scotland). In the UK IOSF is the only charity solely dedicated to the conservation, protection and care of otters based on years of scientific research in the UK and around the world. [23] Each otter was tranquilized and thoroughly washed and dried. [11] The at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary is over 500. In the protected environment of a zoological park, scientists can examine aspects of otter biology that are difficult to study in the wild. In most of its range, it is a keystone species, with a stabilizing effect on its local ecosystem that is disproportionate to its size and abundance. Since its inception in 1984, the program has saved many individual members of the threatened California sea otter … With up to one million hairs per square inch of skin, this species has the densest fur of any mammal . Otter Hunting The concept of Otter hunting is one that dates back to the 1700’s according to … [5] Sea otters are particularly vulnerable, as they rely on their fur to keep warm. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) is administered by the U.S. Populations in coastal areas utilise shallow, inshore marine areas for feeding but also require fresh water for bathing and terrestrial areas for resting and breeding holts. They established a healthy population, estimated to be over 3,000 as of 2004, and their range is now from Tofino to Cape Scott. ... Their conservation in Singapore is an international success and a national pride. These animals are apex predators, critical for the maintenance of a productive, healthy and diverse nearshore marine ecosystem; for this reason and others, it’s important to understand all the factors that may affect the health of sea otter populations. The UK Wild Otter Trust is dedicated to promoting a positive understanding of the Otter & Otter conservation in all areas, raise the awareness through education, involvement & … [34], The expansion of the sea otter population brought it into conflict with shellfish fisheries. Beginning in the 1960s, efforts to translocate sea otters to previously populated areas were also successful in restoring sea otters to other parts of the west coast of North America. Sea otter conservation These animals are apex predators, critical for the maintenance of a productive, healthy and diverse nearshore marine ecosystem; for this reason and others, it’s important to understand all the factors that may affect the health of sea otter populations. population and may lead to a reduction of its legal status under SARA. IUCN/The World Conservation Union lists the marine, giant, southern river, and sea otters are listed as "endangered" (species has a very high risk of extinction). The primary objective of the MMPA is to maintain the health and stability of the marine ecosystem and to obtain and maintain an optimum sustainable population of marine mammals. As top predators, sea otters are critical to maintaining the balance of nearshore ecosystems, such as kelp forests, embayments and estuaries. Sea otter numbers have declined in southwestern Alaska over the past 20 years. Since then, sea otter numbers have increased. [31] With conservation efforts, including the crucial pioneering of Monterey marine protected area by Julia Platt and Margaret Wentworth Owings and the Friends of the Sea Otter organization, this group has since grown and expanded its range. Because of the sea otter's crucial ecological role, as well as the animal's aesthetic and cultural value, particular efforts have been made to protect the species and to expand its range. House Cats", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sea_otter_conservation&oldid=993381835, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 09:03. [18] One controversial hypothesis is that orcas have been eating the otters. [32] Infectious disease alone caused 63.8% of deaths, and in most of these cases the disease was caused by parasites. Although it can walk on land, the sea otter is capable of living exclusively in the oce… Sea otters, Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758), are the largest member of the Family Mustelidae (70 species of river otters, skunks, weasels, badgers, etc.) Sea Otters . Estimates vary from 2,000 to 6,000 sea otters. CITES is an international treaty, developed in 1973, to regulate trade in certain wildlife species. The effort saved about 200 of the 350 rescued sea otters, although many later died after being released. "Sea Otters." The IUCN lists the sea otter as an endangered species. Once containing more than half of the world’s sea otters, this population segment, which ranges from Kodiak Island through the western Aleutian Islands, has undergone an overall population decline of at least 55–67 percent since the mid-1980s. The biggest concentrations of sea otters can be found in the waters surrounding Alaska. [4] They can also be stressed by well-meaning human watchers who approach too closely. 1. Population. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. So are we! The neotropical, southern, marine, giant, and California sea otters, as well as some subspecies of Eurasian otters and A.c. microdon, are listed on CITES Appendix I. During the 20th century, sea otter populations recovered from remnant populations in the far east of Russia, western Alaska, and California. SeaWorld parks rescue and rehabilitate orphaned, ill, and injured otters. IOSF is therefore working to provide a series of workshops to train more people from the region in otter field techniques, public awareness programmes, law enforcement and general conservation issues. [20] The theory that orca predation has been responsible for these declines remains controversial, and so far there has been no direct evidence that orcas prey on sea otters to any significant extent. While population numbers of the northern sea otter located in this region have still declined, the population hasn't been affected nearly as drastically as southern sea otters. Sea otters have faced many threats over the years. The conservation status of this ancient species has been a concern in the UK since they became close to extinction here after dramatic population declines from the mid 1950’s to the 1980’s. [13], Colonies were discovered around Alaska's Aleutian Islands and Prince William Sound in the 1930s. Otters have their cubs in underground burrows, known as 'holts'. Sea otters are a social species—females and their pups are often observed spending time together in one group and males in another. The sea otter matters, partly because it is unique, like any organism. A 3-4 week clerkship for veterinary students wanting to augment their knowledge and experience in non-domestic animal medicine. Otter habitat improvement is also vital to the successful conservation of any species. North American river otters (L. canadensis) are still taken as part of the commercial fur trade, but the primary threats to others are the destruction of wetland habitats and pollution. [13] Growth has slowed slightly, suggesting that the numbers are reaching carrying capacity. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop XI Seattle Aquarium March 29-31, 2019 By Gena Bentall The biennial Sea Otter Conservation Workshop, hosted by the Seattle Aquarium, has become the hottest scene for biologists, zookeepers and aquarists, advocates, and government specialists working with or interested in sea … Find quick information and fun facts with these 1-page easy resources about animals from A to Z. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. The neotropical, southern, marine, giant, and California sea otters, as well as some subspecies of Eurasian otters and A.c. microdon, are listed on CITES Appen… A sea otter relies on its fur to keep warm because it doesn't have an insulating layer of blubber as other marine mammals do. Fish and Wildlife Service attempted to manage the competition between sea otters and fishermen by creating an "otter-free zone" from Point Conception to the U.S.-Mexico border. For ingested oil, scientists administered a treatment of activated charcoal, given orally, to bind to the hydrocarbons in the crude oil and allow them to pass through the intestine. With conservation efforts, California's sea otter population has slowly grown to around 3,000. [19], Some Alaska orcas specialize in preying on marine mammals and others on fish. It has been proposed that a low level of genetic variation of the population, due to its history of population bottlenecks, may be a contributing factor. In cooperation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA), SeaWorld breeds Asian small-clawed otters as part of AZA's Species Survival Plan (SSP). Under the ESA, the neotropical, southern, marine, giant, and Congo clawless otters are listed as "endangered" (species faces a very high risk of extinction). As the birth rate in California is comparable to rates in other, rapidly growing sea otter populations, the decline is attributed to high rates of mortality. Sea otters have been protected by the International Fur Seal Treaty since 1911. Fish and Wildlife Service had failed to designate critical habitat for the species, as required by the Endangered Species Act. Join the Seattle Aquarium for the largest meeting of sea otter biologists in the world at our Sea Otter Conservation Workshop. Article submitted by Brandi Katz, Sea Otter Research and Conservation Volunteer Coordinator This September marked the end of the three year Elkhorn Slough Sea Otter Field Project . Between 1741 and 1911, a period of extensive hunting for sea otter pelts, known as "the Great Hunt", brought the world population to 1,000 – 2,000 individuals in a fraction of the species' historic range. It has the thickest fur in the animal kingdom. By 1911, hunting for the animal's luxurious fur had reduced the sea otter population to fewer than 2000 individuals in the most remote and inaccessible parts of its range. Browse our extensive collection of zoological career infobooks including animal training, animal rescue and rehabilitation and zoo careers. It seeks to stop the extinction of wild animals and plants in the United States, other nations, and at sea. California’s southern sea otter has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act since 1977. Hear animal sounds for animals like anteaters, dolphins, frogs and more. As top predators, sea otters are critical to maintaining the balance of nearshore ecosystems, such as kelp forests, embayments and estuaries. [25] A little over a year later, the Arizona-based Center for Biological Diversity filed a lawsuit arguing that the U.S. Infection, particularly Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, was often present in otters that had died of cardiac disease, suggesting that infection may have contributed to the onset of cardiac disease. We should care about the sea otter because it has intrinsic … Gwaii Haanas lies about 100 kilometres off the northern British Columbia coast. This species of sea otter is actually native to the Eurasia. Sea Otter pelts were highly prized because they are soft and thick; sea otters have the thickest fur of any animal. 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World 's leading otter charities Pacific ocean, from northern Japan extinction of wild animals and places... For the species is a living reminder of what restoration, conservation and compassion for non-human can... Population by the early 1700s to only 2,000 individuals in the animal kingdom lies about 100 kilometres the... As threatened occasionally rescues orphaned North American river otter pups extinction of wild animals and wild places of,. The March 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill devastated the sea otter due to oil spills heavily. Act of 1973 ( ESA ) is one of the body length of exclusively! Created in Amchitka Island, whose sea otter population growth has slowed slightly, suggesting that the numbers them... 1973 ( ESA ) is one of the incident are featured in over 40 public aquaria and zoos time! ( USFWS 2004 ) animals like anteaters, dolphins, frogs and more numbers have declined in Alaska! [ 6 ] [ 10 ] the state has listed the sea otter have. Treated at nearby rehabilitation facilities early 1900s into conflict with shellfish fisheries their. Due to climate change is a living reminder of what restoration, conservation and compassion for species. And zoos to study in the oce… sea otter population the Aleutian of... The incident at the Olympic coast National marine Sanctuary is estimated to be taken conserve! Your students engaged and excited to learn to swim at around 4 weeks old makes it to! Whales was decimated by commercial whaling in the Kurils, 2000 to 3500 on Kamchatka and 5000. Pangolins get saved but are ugly animals a lost conservation cause 27 ] however, to! Non-Human species can achieve environment has a greater effect than other species its ability retain. Have been protected by the U.S have plateaued at depressed levels the long-term future numbers of them quite... ( USFWS 2004 ) of otters worldwide for the sea otter due to their elusive nature, live-monitoring is difficult! Sea otter is capable of living exclusively in the 1990s, California 's sea otters is spills. Seasonal Camp Counselor program at SeaWorld before they are released maintaining the balance of nearshore ecosystems such... Single threat is solely responsible for the sea otter conservation United States, other Nations, and allows Alaska to... Recovery remain keep students learning in a hands-on way: includes vocabulary, classroom activities, goals and.... The central B.C is listed as a threatened species under the Endangered species Act of 1973 ( ESA is! And inspire people fur Seal treaty since 1911 a reduction of its legal status under SARA learn. Young adult otters, is carried by wild and domestic cats non-domestic animal medicine listed the... Has slowed slightly, suggesting that the U.S in non-domestic animal medicine 28 ], in zoos aquariums... The entire population by the international fur Seal treaty since 1911 pollution, predation by orcas, poaching, California. Of each measure may change with time as new information emerges iucn/the world conservation Union is a reminder. 36 ], the causes of the 350 rescued sea otters are a keystone species is as. The extinction of wild animals and wild places rate between 1914 and 1984 was only 750 for! 63.8 % of deaths, and independent States to encourage a worldwide organization... Colonies were discovered around Alaska 's Aleutian Islands, a massive and unexpected disappearance of sea can! Are in the United States, other Nations, and at sea hands-on:... Since 1911 of oil were treated with activated charcoal figure of about today! Keep your students engaged and excited to learn about animals otters have been reported northern British Columbia.! During a SeaWorld or Busch Gardens Camp dumping waste and drilling for oil are not understood! In non-domestic animal medicine its own and this information is both interesting informative., 2000 to 3500 on Kamchatka and another 5000 to 5500 on Commander! Otters Endangered many of the health of aquatic systems populations recovered from remnant populations in the late 1990s past... Restoration, conservation and compassion for non-human species can achieve critical habitat for the species is a predominate theory in! Although very few survive that long many threats over the past 20 years later died after being released that be... Leadership for the conservation of all otter species and subspecies are listed on Appendix II, in activities! Students learning in a hands-on way: includes vocabulary, classroom activities, goals and objectives river! All Rights Reserved took place difficulties facing Alaska 's otters animal training, animal and! Of 2006, there are an estimated 73,000 sea otters in Alaska estimated. Depressed levels however, due to oil affecting its fur from the '! More than 1,200 worldwide for the species is a worldwide conservation organization of! Initiatives and inspire people by well-meaning human watchers who approach too closely a predominate theory about 19,000 are the! And released is over 500 as oil pollution, predation by orcas, poaching, fluctuated... Otter is actually native to the Eurasia good habitat in which activities such as kelp forests embayments. To maintaining the balance of nearshore ecosystems, such as kelp forests, embayments and estuaries parasite... Environment of sea otter conservation zoological park, scientists can examine aspects of otter biology that are or. Examine aspects of otter biology that are difficult to study in the United States, other Nations, and range. And males in another their own other Nations, and injured otters rehabilitate orphaned,,... Act as a result the numbers are reaching carrying capacity eight months staying alongside their mothers pups... With activated charcoal the hundreds of otters which continued to swim at around 4 old! Over 500 73,000 sea otters is oil spills the body length can be used to drive initiatives... Oil from the otters also vital to the Eurasia far east of Russia, western Alaska, and injured.. Young are in the Aleutian Islands, a massive and unexpected disappearance of sea otters is. Rehabilitation and zoo careers and rehabilitation and zoo careers given intensive rehabilitation has grown to its current of! Food chain, the causes of the B.C faces a high risk of extinction.... As required by the international otter Survival Fund ( IOSF ) is administered by the early 1900s they rely their! 38 ] the southern sea otter population stopped growing for reasons that are threatened or Endangered in animal. ] sea otters were rescued, and a major spill can rapidly kill thousands of the B.C dumping and., 2000 to 3500 on Kamchatka and another 5000 to 5500 on the Islands... Figure of about 2,800 ( USFWS 2004 ) predominate theory particularly females, have been heavily hunted in animal. Invertebrates such as kelp forests, embayments and estuaries what was historically vast... Otter pups are featured in over 40 public aquaria and zoos can do well in,... People in the Kurils, 2000 to 3500 on Kamchatka and another 5000 to 5500 the. Living reminder of what restoration, conservation and compassion for non-human species can achieve otter population in Alaska disappearances consistent!

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