with an army. Many prominent language like English, German, Serbo-Croatian, French, Portuguese and Spanish has standard … A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage, and is employed by a population for public communication. [41] This will help you deal with some issues that will arise (e.g., text expansion) and may affect your Spanish translation project. - It is free from obsolete elements. to a popular saying amongst linguists, a standard language is a dialect A5) Standard English: avoids non-standard grammar, slang + swear words associated with better education + middle class manners usually used in print taught in school Non-standard English: includes types of … of a standard language. [23] A standard language is developed from related dialects, either by social action (ethnic and cultural unification) to elevate a given dialect, such as that used in culture and in government, or by defining the norms of standard language with selected linguistic features drawn from the existing dialects. [25] Whether grammars and dictionaries are created by the state or by private citizens (e.g. • Standard writing: big differences • Academic writing: most significant distinction. [29][27], A standard variety can be conceptualized in two ways: (i) as the sociolect of a given socio-economic stratum or (ii) as the normative codification of a dialect, an idealized abstraction. The chosen one is then accepted by the dominant clans in society, who have the power to control how and where this language is standardized and diffused. The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken in the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. [19][20] In contemporary linguistic usage, the terms standard dialect and standard variety are neutral synonyms for the term standard language, usages which indicate that the standard is one of many dialects and varieties of a language, rather than the totality of the language, whilst minimizing the negative implication of social subordination that the standard is the only idiom worthy of the appellation "language". The English language was emerging around its London dialect, known as the Chancery Standard. Language can have scores of characteristics but the following are the most important ones: language is arbitrary, productive, creative, systematic, vocalic, social, non-instinctive and conventional. two cities sounds different. of a standard language happens through more subtle means. In 1885 the Storting (parliament) declared both forms official and equal. It is rarely the case that brutal force has been used [5] By processes that linguistic anthropologists call "referential displacement"[6] and that sociolinguists call "elaboration of function",[7] these varieties acquire the social prestige associated with commerce and government. [40], Chinese consists of hundreds of local varieties, many of which are not mutually intelligible, usually classified into seven to ten major groups, including Mandarin, Wu, Yue, Hakka and Min. In the 1930s, Standard Chinese was adopted, with its pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect, but with vocabulary also drawn from other Mandarin varieties and its syntax based on the written vernacular. •Not all varieties of AAE exhibit all of the aspects discussed ... •misunderstanding that Ebonics would be taught as a standard language •claim that it was racist to associate ‘bad’ English with Blacks •(Standard) English-only mindset In academic writing it is only allowed to use the standard written form of the English language. Standard languages arise when a certain dialect begins to be used in written form, normally throughout a broader area than that of the dialect itself. [49] In practise, speakers of Standard English speak the language with any accent (Australian, Canadian, American, etc.) This kind of form of languages are always artificially modified at least to some degree. The common association of standard languages with non-regionality may only be true for old standard lan guages. Northern Central Somali has frequently been used by famous Somali poets as well as the political elite, and thus has the most prestige among other Somali dialects. RP is a social dialect, not a geographical one, because it is not linked to a particular region.One might not be able to tell where an RP speaker is from within the United Kingdom, however, they are not accent-less as they clearly have a British accent. But because our language is constantly changing, mastering its appropriate usage is not a one-time task like learning the multiplication tables. The same will be true if you take language area. [30] Hence, the full standardization of a language is impractical, because a standardized dialect cannot fully function as a real entity, but does function as set of linguistic norms observed to varying degrees in the course of usus – of how people actually speak and write the language. Chapter 7: Language variation 4 MAP 1.The main Fulani of West Africa are dark (blue) on the map. characteristics of a standard language include several of the following: Why By the 1920s, Literary Chinese had been replaced as the written standard by written vernacular Chinese, which was based on Mandarin dialects. According Thinking [25] In the practices of broadcasting and of official communications, the standard usually functions as a normalizing reference for speech and writing. [52], An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ('The Official Standard'), often shortened to An Caighdeán, is the official standard of the Irish language. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. language. It is characterized by the use … Grammatical structures There are particular grammatical forms which appear more … Language ability starts even before birth and happens in every area of the child’s life. List. The ways in which this language is used—e.g., in administrative matters, literature, and economic life—lead to the minimization… Read More; analysis of Serbo-Croatian language [63], In Brazil, actors and journalists usually adopt an unofficial, but de facto, spoken standard Portuguese, originally derived from the middle-class dialects of Rio de Janeiro and Brasília, but that now encompasses educated urban pronunciations from the different speech communities in the southeast. The original ‘Standard Japanese” was in large part the product of political considerations during the last half of the Meiji era (1868 -1912) under the Genbun itchi (the unification of the spoken and written language) movement, a movement dedicated to present a united face to the world so that Japan would be perceived as a civilized nation. Standard language is the way to use language in official and formal situation as in newspapers and public speeches. [44] [51], Two standardised registers of the Hindustani language have legal status in India: Standard Hindi (one of 23 co-official national languages) and Urdu (Pakistan’s official tongue), resultantly, Hindustani often called "Hindi-Urdu". The differences between the variants do not hinder mutual intelligibility and do not undermine the integrity of the system as a whole. The philologist Ivar Aasen (1813–1896) considered urban and upper-class Dano-Norwegian too similar to Danish, so he developed Landsmål ('country tongue'), the standard based upon the dialects of western Norway. would a speaker of a dialect want to adopt a standard language? phonology, morphology and syntax. People regularly Politically, in the formation of a nation-state, a standard language is a means of establishing a shared culture among the social and economic groups who compose the new nation-state. [34] Different national standards, derived from a continuum of dialects, might be treated as discrete languages (along with heteronomous vernacular dialects[35]), even if there are mutually intelligible varieties among them,[36][37] such as the North Germanic languages of Scandinavia (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish). Economic [52][66][67] These variants do differ slightly, as is the case with other pluricentric languages,[52][68] but not to a degree that would justify considering them as different languages. [59][60] In particular, Italian became the language of culture for all the people of Italy, thanks to the prestige of the masterpieces of Florentine authors like Dante Alighieri, as well as to the political and cultural significance of Florence at the time and the fact that it was linguistically an intermediate between the northern and the southern Italian dialects. audience. Standardization may occur as a natural development of a language in a speech community or as an effort by members of a community to … This can include information, emotion, imagination and other elements of thought such as humor. Standard usage serves as the linguistic authority, as in the case of specialist terminology; moreover, the standardization of spoken forms is oriented towards the codified standard. [citation needed], The standard language in the Roman Republic (509 BC – 27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 1453) was Classical Latin, the literary dialect spoken by upper classes of Roman society, whilst Vulgar Latin was the sociolect (colloquial language) spoken by the educated and uneducated peoples of the middle and the lower social classes of Roman society. [64], Four standard variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian are spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. to impose a standard language, although linguistic issues can arouse Spanish Language Characteristics. • Standard English, also known as Standard Written English or SWE, is the form of English most widely accepted as being clear and proper. 2679 words (11 pages) Essay. Before starting any translation project, you should be aware of certain linguistic realities of the Spanish language.

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