Portugal also utilized its colonies to support its hemp supply, including in certain parts of Brazil. The following video demonstrates a portable decorticator used with another type of plant (jute or kenaf). Hemp fibers can be used to make items including paper, clothing, furnishing fabric, rope, and building materials. Hemp plants can be vulnerable to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other miscellaneous pathogens. Since hemp stabilises and enriches the soil that farmers grow crops on and provides them with weed-free fields, without cost of herbicides, it has value even if no part of the plant is being harvested and used. According to a case study done by Forbes, hemp businesses and startups have had difficulty marketing and selling non-psychoactive hemp products, as some online advertising platforms and financial institutions do not distinguish between hemp and marijuana. [141][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] The company DuPont and many industrial historians dispute a link between nylon and hemp, nylon became immediately a scarce commodity. Rochester, VT. Park Street Press, 2010. Mauritius hemp, (Furcraea foetida), plant of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae) and its fibre, belonging to the leaf fibre group. [76] They cause injury by reducing plant vigour because they feed on the phloem of the plant. For the genus of plants, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. [81], The world-leading producer of hemp is China, which produces more than 70% of the world output. [158] U.S. farmers participated in the campaign to increase U.S. hemp production to 36,000 acres in 1942. In late medieval Germany and Italy, hemp was employed in cooked dishes, as filling in pies and tortes, or boiled in a soup. Over 30 countries produce industrial hemp, including Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Greece,[82] Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom and Ukraine.[83][84]. (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress)", "EXECUTIVE ORDER 12919 -- NATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES PREPAREDNESS", "New Fossil Evidence for the Past Cultivation and Processing of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Eastern England", "Dr. Ivan BÛcsa, GATE Agricultural Research Institute, Kompolt - Hungary, Book Review Re-discovery of the Crop Plant Cannabis Marihuana Hemp (Die Wiederentdeckung der Nutzplanze Cannabis Marihuana Hanf)", "Economic Considerations for Growing Industrial Hemp:Implications for Kentucky's Farmers and Agricultural Economy", "In Drug-Leery Japan, Arrests for Marijuana Are on the Rise", Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential (www.ers.usda.gov), Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking, Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act, List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use, List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemp&oldid=999589877, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2016, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Old English (ca. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides. As many as 20,000 seed hairs may grow from a single seed. The tow fibre is just compressed and bailed. [105], In the United Kingdom, cultivation licences are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. HEMP, a tough fibre yielded by the large annual plant Cannabis sativa, of the natural order Cannabinaceae. [76] Integrated pest management strategies should be employed to manage these pests with prevention and early detection being the foundation of a resilient program. Then he recounts the harvest in October which he grew 27 bushels that year. Hemp has been grown for millennia in Asia and the Middle East for its fibre. [122] Hemp use archaeologically dates back to the Neolithic Age in China, with hemp fiber imprints found on Yangshao culture pottery dating from the 5th millennium BC. [citation needed] Roots can grow up to 3 feet into the soil and use water from deeper soil layers. Hemp is sometimes confused with the cannabis plants that serve as sources of the drug marijuana and the drug preparation hashish. [169], In 1971, the cultivation of hemp became illegal, and the production was substantially reduced. Abaca, (Musa textilis), plant of the family Musaceae, and its fibre, which is second in importance among the leaf fibre group. Hard fibres are collected from leaves, e.g. They contain 5% water, 5% carbohydrates, 49% total fat, and 31% protein. Fibre Crops and Fibres Obtained. Fewer inputs required to grow and less water needed than cotton. As mechanical technology evolved, separating the fiber from the core was accomplished by crushing rollers and brush rollers, or by hammer-milling, wherein a mechanical hammer mechanism beats the hemp against a screen until hurd, smaller bast fibers, and dust fall through the screen. The growth of hemp is rapid and requires no special attention. Since its inception in 1931, the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops in Hlukhiv (Glukhov), Ukraine, has been one of the world's largest centers for developing new hemp varieties, focusing on improving fiber quality, per-hectare yields, and low THC content. About 95% of hurds were used as animal bedding, while almost 5% was used in the building sector. [167], The cultivation of hemp in Portuguese lands began around the fourteenth century. Wild hemp grows in the western hilly part of Nepal. The Committee worked with the provincial government to get research and development assistance and was able to obtain test plot permits from the Canadian government. What is Hemp Juice? The hemp fibre is a bast or phloem fibre obtained from the stems of the plants. [158] America was forced to turn inward and revitalize the cultivation of Hemp on U.S. soils. [4] The bast fibers can be used to make textiles that are 100% hemp, but they are commonly blended with other fibers, such as flax, cotton or silk, as well as virgin and recycled polyester, to make woven fabrics for apparel and furnishings. In the US, pet manufacturers use hemp in dog and cat bedding. The Hemp fibre or industrial hemp is obtained from the outer layer or the bast of the Cannabis sativa plant, more popularly known as that meant for producing marijuana or hashish. Many plant fibres are produced as field crops. The hemp twine varies in thickness and comes in a variety of colors. The original country of the hemp plant was doubtless Asia, probably that part near the Caspian Sea. Hemp fiber is suitable for textiles uses and is obtained by mechanical work of the external fibrous part of the stem of the plant. Once separated, the line fibre is cleaned and carded to size, cut and bailed; ready to be further processed and spun. The main production areas were in Ukraine,[102] the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border. Traditionally, hemp stalks would be water-retted first before the fibers were beaten off the inner hurd by hand, a process known as scutching. "[59][60][61], Production of vehicle fuel from hemp is very small. [32] Designed by Modece Architects,[33] who pioneered hemp's use in UK construction, the hemp houses were monitored in comparison with other standard dwellings by BRE. The non-fibrous dust particles created from the decortication of hemp stalks can be compressed into pellets and used as a fuel. sisal, banana and agave, or from fruit, e.g. It is sown in the spring and harvested at the end of the summer when fully ripe. Some examples of the plant fibres are given below: 1. Hemp's use as a wood substitute will contribute to preserving biodiversity. Air-dried stem yields in Ontario have from 1998 and onward ranged from 2.6–14.0 tonnes of dry, retted stalks per hectare (1–5.5 t/ac) at 12% moisture. Dual purpose hemp crops are harvested later and the fiber isn’t usually used for textiles; but instead for pulp, paper and non-woven products due to the higher lignin content. There are three main stages of producing fiber from industrial hemp – harvesting, retting and separation. Hemp is the gateway to infinite potential. The narcotic content is because of tetra-hydro-cannabinol content (THC) that is much as 20 % … [14] A survey in 2003 showed that more than 95% of hemp seed sold in the European Union was used in animal and bird feed. [141][144] Historical research indicates this fear was unfounded because improvements of the decorticators in the 1930s – machines that separated the fibers from the hemp stem – could not make hemp fiber a cheaper substitute for fibers from other sources. When oxidized (often erroneously referred to as "drying"), hemp oil from the seeds becomes solid and can be used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. However, production costs are about four times higher than for paper from wood,[44] since the infrastructure for using hemp is underdeveloped. [28], Concrete-like blocks made with hemp and lime have been used as an insulating material for construction. Typically, hemp contains below 0.3% THC, while cultivars of Cannabis grown for medicinal or recreational use can contain anywhere from 2% to over 20%.[74]. [128] Similar attempts were made in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico, but only in Chile did the crop find success. [88], In the Australian states of Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, New South Wales, and most recently, South Australia, the state governments have issued licences to grow hemp for industrial use. [1] Along with bamboo, hemp is one of the fastest growing plants[2] on Earth. ", "Industrial fibre crops: business opportunities for farmers", "Nutrition Facts for Hemp Seeds (shelled) per 100 g serving", "Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview", "CRRH, Archaeologists agree that cannabis was among the first crops cultivated by human beings at least over 6,000 years ago, and perhaps more than 12,000 years ago", "Hemp fashions are clean, comfy, and legal", "NNFCC Project Factsheet: Guide to Building with Hemp-Lime Composites, NNFCC 07-001", "Why Build with Hemp? Because of EU regulations 1308/70, 619/71 and 1164/89, this law was revoked (for some certified seed varieties). When harvesting, the plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil line and then allowed to dry for a few days. BastCore, an Alabama-based hemp fiber company, has turned a former steam plant outside the capital of Montgomery into a processing facility, one of the first in the United States to offer a key link in the supply chain between Alabama’s farmers and hemp-derived product makers. [140], In 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was passed in the United States, levying a tax on anyone who dealt commercially in cannabis, hemp, or marijuana. Iterations of the 1930s decorticator have been met with limited success, along with steam explosion and chemical processing known as thermomechanical pulping. Its many advantages include: While clothing and other items made from hemp fibre can be a little more expensive in some countries; no doubt pricing will decrease as more of the world again embraces industrial hemp cultivation and processing. The quality of hemp fibre depends greatly on whether the crop was grown primarily for textiles, or is dual-purpose. Hemp is usually planted between March and May in the northern hemisphere, between September and November in the southern hemisphere. Plants including cotton, jute, flax and hemp are used to obtain plant fibres. Fibres in this group are linen, hemp and jute. [25][26] Pure hemp has a texture similar to linen. [67], The seeds are sown with grain drills or other conventional seeding equipment to a depth of 1.27 to 2.54 cm (0.5 to 1 in). [64], Millennia of selective breeding have resulted in varieties that display a wide range of traits; e.g. [100] 70–80% of the hemp fibre produced in 2003 was used for specialty pulp for cigarette papers and technical applications. Hemp was also commonly used to make sail canvas. [clarification needed] Nylon had characteristics that could be used for toothbrushes (sold from 1938) and very thin nylon fiber could compete with silk and rayon in various textiles normally not produced from hemp fiber, such as very thin stockings for women.[145][153][154][155][156]. [160] This increase amounted to more than 20 times the production in 1941 before the war effort. Hemp, (Cannabis sativa), also called industrial hemp, plant of the family Cannabaceae cultivated for its fibre (bast fibre) or its edible seeds. Hemp jewelry is the product of knotting hemp twine through the practice of macramé. [71] Present in industrial hemp, cannabidiol is a major constituent among some 560 compounds found in hemp. Broadleaf Hemp is doing our part to open up the Australian hemp fibre market. and the Mercedes C-Class both contain hemp (up to 20 kg in each car in the case of the latter).[41]. The white, fluffy fibres grow around the plant's seed pod, or boll.Once mature, the bolls are picked and a cotton gin is used to separate the fibres … Greater seeding depths result in increased weed competition. Most recently, South Australia legalized industrial hemp under South Australia's Industrial Hemp Act 2017, which commenced on 12 November 2017. [120][121] An archeological site in the Oki Islands near Japan contained cannabis achenes from about 8000 BC, probably signifying use of the plant. Drug-Type Cannabis species (which contain higher levels of psychoactive THC). [115] By the end of 2017, at least 34 U.S. states had industrial hemp programs. It is sometimes supposed that an excerpt from Washington's diary, which reads "Began to seperate [sic] the Male from the Female hemp at Do.&—rather too late" is evidence that he was trying to grow female plants for the THC found in the flowers. "[136][137], Other presidents known to have farmed hemp for alternative purposes include Thomas Jefferson,[138] James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Zachary Taylor, and Franklin Pierce. "I strongly suspect, however, that what catapulted hemp to sudden fame and fortune as a cultigen and caused it to spread rapidly westwards in the first millennium B.C. As of 2019, 47 states have enacted legislation to make hemp legal to grow at the state level, with several states implementing medical provisions regarding the growing of plants specifically for non-psychoactive CBD. Hemp plaster has insulative qualities. Hemp benefits crops grown after it. Toronto: Champlain Society. The water requirement is 300–500 l/kg dry matter. Stem fibres, which are also known as bast fibres, are obtained from the stems and sometimes from the shells of the plant when it is fully matured. coir around the hard shell of coconuts. [107], The 2018 Farm Bill, which incorporated the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, removed hemp as a Schedule I drug and instead made it an agricultural commodity. Smaller production occurs in the rest of Europe, Chile, and North Korea. It grows to a height of from 5 to 15 feet, and when cultivated for fiber (PI. [17] The leaves of the hemp plant, while not as nutritional as the seeds, are edible and can be consumed raw as leafy vegetables in salads, and pressed to make juice. In the EU, they are used for animal bedding (horses, for instance), or for horticultural mulch. ), leaf fibers (banana, sisal, manila hemp, agave, abaca, pineapple, etc. Hemp juice is a non-psychoactive juice obtained from cold-pressing the upper part of the hemp plant and leaves. [68] Ideally, according to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the herb should be desiccated and harvested towards the end of flowering. [166], In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop. [87] Hemp (from Old English hænep) is mostly used as a name for low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) strains of the plant Cannabis sativa, of fiber and/or oilseed varieties. [21] Hemp seeds are a rich source of dietary fiber (20% DV), B vitamins, and the dietary minerals manganese (362% DV), phosphorus (236% DV), magnesium (197% DV), zinc (104% DV), and iron (61% DV). When spun, it is rather like flax but thicker and coarser. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997, 1:383. Hemp seeds can also be made into a liquid and used for baking or for beverages such as hemp milk and tisanes. Such blocks are not strong enough to be used for structural elements; they must be supported by a brick, wood, or steel frame. [67][68], In the United States, the public's perception of hemp as marijuana has blocked hemp from becoming a useful crop and product,"[67] in spite of its vital importance prior to World War II. suited for a particular environments/latitudes, producing different ratios and compositions of terpenoids and cannabinoids (CBD, THC, CBG, CBC, CBN...etc. The narcotic content is because of tetra-hydro-cannabinol content (THC) which is … Hemp yields three to four times more usable fibre per hectare per annum than forests, and hemp doesn't need pesticides or herbicides. THE HEMP INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES. [30], The first example of the use of hempcrete was in 1986 in France with the renovation of the Maison de la Turquie in Nogent-sur-Seine by the innovator Charles Rasetti. This early cropping reduces the seed yield but improves the fiber yield and quality. Sisal (/ ˈsaɪsəl /, Spanish: [siˈsal]), with the botanical name Agave sisalana, is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico but widely cultivated and naturalized in many other countries. monocotelydonous leaves are the source of these fibers ... hemp (part of plant used as fiber) the bast/soft fibers. There are, however, several other fibres known in commerce to which the term is more or less commonly applied. George Washington pushed for the growth of hemp as it was a cash crop commonly used to make rope and fabric. However, the editorial remark accompanying the diary states that "This may arise from their [the male] being coarser, and the stalks larger"[133] In subsequent days, he describes soaking the hemp [134] (to make the fibers usable) and harvesting the seeds,[135] suggesting that he was growing hemp for industrial purposes, not recreational. It takes about 3-4 months for hemp stalks to reach maturity. Cotton. [76] Other foliar pests, found in both indoor and outdoor crops, include the hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola, and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis. [162], Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a recognized top Kentucky hemp farmer with harvested hemp, 1942. And revitalize the cultivation of hemp for Victory 166 ], the line.... And May in the West took off in the EU, they are used for animal bedding, and of... Is stronger and softer than cotton feed mix as well and control because of regulations... Various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other countries to! Or phloem fibre obtained from cotton plants and grows as a cloth was centered largely in same... Find success Drugs Act 1971 compressed into pellets and used for baking or for horticultural mulch times for,. Hemp 's use as a last resort bird feed mix as well as fibers! Diary about the sowing of seeds each day until mid-April 2.5 t/ac ) largely in the sixteenth century eastern. 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